Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Fully and Partially Reinforced with GFRP Bars Tested Under Concentric or Eccentric Compressive Loads
Keywords:
Concrete Columns, GFRP bars, Eccentric Loading ,, concentric loading, Partially ReinforcementAbstract
Concrete columns reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars have been greatly interesting recently. The distinct properties of GFRP bars, such as high tensile strength and low modulus of elasticity compared to steel bars, as well as the linear stress-strain behavior, make the study of GFRP-reinforced concrete (FRP-RC) columns important. This paper investigates the structural behavior of column specimens reinforced by fully and partially GFRP bars subjected to concentric and eccentrically applied Compressive loads. 12 columns were reinforced by (36%, 64%, and 100%) of the GFRP bars ratio, and the control specimen was reinforced by conventional steel rebars; all specimens were tested under different eccentric ratios (e/h) 0, 0.66, and 1. The failure mode, the relation between the axial load and the average axial displacement, and a comparison between the experimental results and the theoretical interaction diagram for columns were presented and discussed. The results show that most of the failure in specimens occurs as a compressive failure, and it fails in the weakest region by crushing concrete, as well as kinking in GFRP bars. Using GFRP bars significantly increases the axial displacement values compared to the steel rebars in longitudinal reinforcement and decreases the failure load for specimens with an increase in the ratio of GFRP bars. The average axial displacement value for columns specimens tested under eccentric load at e/h equal to 0.66 and 1 decreases by 75% and 94.4% compared with the control specimen.
Downloads
References
A. J. H. Alshimmeri, “Structural Behavior of Confined Concrete Filled Aluminum Tubular (CFT) Columns under Concentric Load,” Journal of Engineering, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 125–139, 2016.
A. H. Al-Zuhairi, A. H. A. Al-Ahmed, A. N. Hanoon, and A. A. Abdulhameed, “Structural behavior of reinforced hybrid concrete columns under biaxial loading,” Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 18, p. e390, 2021.
P. K. Mallick, Fiber-reinforced composites: materials, manufacturing, and design. CRC press, 2007.
A. El-Sayed, E. El-Salakawy, and B. Benmokrane, “Shear strength of one-way concrete slabs reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer composite bars,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 147–157, 2005.
B. Benmokrane, E. El-Salakawy, A. El-Ragaby, and T. Lackey, “Designing and testing of concrete bridge decks reinforced with glass FRP bars,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 217–229, 2006.
H. R. Hamilton Iii and C. W. Dolan, “Flexural capacity of glass FRP strengthened concrete masonry walls,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 170–178, 2001.
A. H. Al-Zuhairi, A. H. A. Al-Ahmed, A. N. Hanoon, and A. A. Abdulhameed, “Structural behavior of reinforced hybrid concrete columns under biaxial loading,” Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 18, p. e390, 2021.
D. H. Deitz, I. E. Harik, and H. Gesund, “One-way slabs reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer reinforcing bars,” Special Publication, vol. 188, pp. 279–286, 1999.
M. Theriault and B. Benmokrane, “Effects of FRP reinforcement ratio and concrete strength on flexural behavior of concrete beams,” Journal of composites for construction, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7–16, 1998.
H. A. Toutanji and M. Saafi, “Flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars,” Structural Journal, vol. 97, no. 5, pp. 712–719, 2000.
S. H. Alsayed, “Flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars,” Cem Concr Compos, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 1998.
Q. Shakir and B. Abd, “RETROFITTING OF SELF COMPACTING RC HALF JOINTS WITH INTERNAL DEFICIENCIES BY CFRP FABRICS,” J Teknol, vol. 82, pp. 49–62, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v82.14416|.
Q. Shakir and Y. Yahya, “Stitching of T-deep beams with large openings by CFRP sheets and NSM steel bars,” Pollack Periodica, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1556/606.2024.00979.
Q. M. Shakir and S. D. Abdlsaheb, “Rehabilitation of partially damaged high strength RC corbels by EB FRP composites and NSM steel bars,” Structures, vol. 38, pp. 652–671, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2022.02.023.
A. U. Syed and A. Goldack, “Slenderness limit for GFRP reinforced concrete columns based on axial force ratio,” Eng Struct, vol. 298, p. 117026, 2024.
L. Xiao, H. Hu, S. Peng, Z. Du, and C. Xu, “Compression behavior of GFRP reinforced hybrid fibre reinforced concrete short columns subjected to eccentric loading,” Constr Build Mater, vol. 393, p. 131985, 2023.
A. Hadhood, H. M. Mohamed, F. Ghrib, and B. Benmokrane, “Efficiency of glass-fiber reinforced-polymer (GFRP) discrete hoops and bars in concrete columns under combined axial and flexural loads,” Compos B Eng, vol. 114, pp. 223–236, 2017.
M. N. S. Hadi and J. Youssef, “Experimental investigation of GFRP-reinforced and GFRP-encased square concrete specimens under axial and eccentric load, and four-point bending test,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 20, no. 5, p. 04016020, 2016.
T. A. Hales, C. P. Pantelides, and L. D. Reaveley, “Experimental evaluation of slender high-strength concrete columns with GFRP and hybrid reinforcement,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 20, no. 6, p. 04016050, 2016.
H. Gao, L. Wang, B. Chen, and M. Yan, “Axial compressive behavior of GFRP tube-reinforced concrete-steel double skin tubular columns,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 75, p. 106973, 2023.
S. Natarajan and S. S. Selvan, “Experimental study on axial compression behaviour of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) wrapped nano material concrete columns,” Mater Today Proc, vol. 39, pp. 748–757, 2021.
CSA S806-12 code, “Design And Construction Of Building Structures With Fibre-Reinforced Polymers,” 2017.
M. Motavalli and C. Czaderski, “FRP composites for retrofitting of existing civil structures in Europe: State-of-the-art review,” in international conference of composites & polycon, American Composites Manufacturers Association Tampa, FL, USA, 2007, pp. 17–19.
E. Alsuhaibani et al., “Compressive and Bonding Performance of GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Columns,” Buildings, vol. 14, p. 1071, Apr. 202.
K. Khorramian and P. Sadeghian, “Behavior of slender GFRP reinforced concrete columns,” in Structures Congress 2019, American Society of Civil Engineers Reston, VA, 2019, pp. 88–99.
H. M. M. and B. B. Mohammad Z. Afifi, “Axial Capacity of Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Spirals,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 18, no. 1, Sep. 2013.
C. C. Choo, I. Harik, and H. Gesund, “Strength of rectangular concrete columns reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars,” vol. 103, pp. 452–459, May 2006.
A. Mirmiran, M. Shahawy, and T. Beitleman, “Slenderness Limit for Hybrid FRP-Concrete Columns,” Journal of Composites for Construction - J COMPOS CONSTR, vol. 5, Feb. 2001, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:1(26).
W. Lu, X. Q. Li, and D. Zhou, “Experimental study on corrosion resistance of GFRP bars body,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, vol. 39, pp. 826–831, Jan. 2016.
J. Mao, H. Zhang, J. Lv, D. Jia, and S. Ao, “Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Mechanism of GFRP Rebar in Alkaline Solution,” Key Eng Mater, vol. 665, pp. 217–220, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.665.217.
A. Kramarchuk, B. Ilnytskyy, O. Lytvyniak, and Y. Famulyak, “Strengthening prefabricated reinforced concrete roof beams that are damaged by corrosion of concrete and reinforcement,” IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng, vol. 708, p. 012060, Dec. 2019.
Z. Guo, M. Ye, Y. Chen, and X. Chen, “Experimental study on compressive behavior of concrete-filled GFRP tubular stub columns after being subjected to acid corrosion,” Compos Struct, vol. 250, p. 112630, Jun. 2020.
R. Z. Hamed and H. F. Hassan, “Structural Behavior of GFRP-RC Slender Columns Under Various Eccentricity Loading Conditions,” Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2023.
Z. Pu, X. Lv, Y. Liu, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, and S. A. Sheikh, “Eccentric behaviour of GFRP-reinforced square columns with composite spiral ties,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 79, p. 107915, 2023.
H. Al-Thairy and M. A. Al-Hamzawi, “Behavior of Eccentrically Loaded Slender Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, 2021, p. 012218.
Dr. M. Elchalakani, G. Ma, F. Aslani, and W. Duan, “Design of GFRP-reinforced rectangular concrete columns under eccentric axial loading,” Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 69, pp. 1–13, May 2017.
M. Elchalakani and G. Ma, “Tests of glass fibre reinforced polymer rectangular concrete columns subjected to concentric and eccentric axial loading,” Eng Struct, vol. 151, pp. 93–104, 2017.
M. Guérin, H. Mohamed, B. Benmokrane, C. Shield, and A. Nanni, “Effect of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement Ratio on the Axial–Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Columns,” ACI Struct J, vol. 115, Jul. 2018.
A. Hadhood, H. M. Mohamed, F. Ghrib, and B. Benmokrane, “Efficiency of glass-fiber reinforced-polymer (GFRP) discrete hoops and bars in concrete columns under combined axial and flexural loads,” Compos B Eng, vol. 114, pp. 223–236, 2017.
A. Hadhood, H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane, “Experimental study of circular high-strength concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and spirals under concentric and eccentric loading,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 04016078, 2017.
A. Hadhood, H. M. Mohamed, and B. Benmokrane, “Axial load–moment interaction diagram of circular concrete columns reinforced with CFRP bars and spirals: Experimental and theoretical investigations,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 04016092, 2017.
M. Guérin, H. Mohamed, B. Benmokrane, A. Nanni, and C. Shield, “Eccentric Behavior of Full-Scale Reinforced Concrete Columns with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars and Ties,” ACI Struct J, vol. 115, Mar. 2018.
M. G. Gouda, H. M. Mohamed, A. C. Manalo, and B. Benmokrane, “Experimental investigation of concentrically and eccentrically loaded circular hollow concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and spirals,” Eng Struct, vol. 277, p. 115442, 2023.
S. Xiaobin, G. Xianglin, L. Yupeng, C. Tao, and Z. Weiping, “Mechanical Behavior of FRP-Strengthened Concrete Columns Subjected to Concentric and Eccentric Compression Loading,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 336–346, Jun. 2013.
X. Song, X. Gu, Y. Li, T. Chen, and W. Zhang, “Mechanical behavior of FRP-strengthened concrete columns subjected to concentric and eccentric compression loading,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 336–346, 2013.
K. Khorramian and P. Sadeghian, “Experimental and analytical behavior of short concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars under eccentric loading,” Eng Struct, vol. 151, pp. 761–773, 2017.
N. Siddiqui, H. Abbas, T. Almusallam, A. Binyahya, and Y. Al-Salloum, “Compression behavior of FRP-strengthened RC square columns of varying slenderness ratios under eccentric loading,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 32, p. 101512, 2020.
ACI PRC-211.1-91, Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete (Reapproved 2009), ACI PRC-211.1-91. 2009.
BS EN 12390-1:2000, “Testing hardened concrete - Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds,” BSI, 2000.
A. Nanni, A. De Luca, and H. J. Zadeh, Reinforced concrete with FRP bars: Mechanics and design. CRC press, 2014.
H. Tobbi, A. S. Farghaly, and B. Benmokrane, “Concrete Columns Reinforced Longitudinally and Transversally with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars.,” ACI Struct J, vol. 109, no. 4, 2012.
W. Xue, F. Peng, and Z. Fang, “Behavior and Design of Slender Rectangular Concrete Columns Longitudinally Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars.,” ACI Struct J, vol. 115, no. 2, 2018.
M. Panjehpour, N. Farzadnia, R. Demirboga, and A. Ali, “Behavior of high-strength concrete cylinders repaired with CFRP sheets,” Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, vol. 22, pp. 56–64, Jan. 2016.
ACI 440.1r-15, “aci 440.1r-15,” ACI Code, 2015.
ACI Code Standard, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19), 2019th ed. 2019.
D. Darwin, C. W. Dolan, and A. H. Nilson, Design of concrete structures, vol. 2. McGraw-Hill Education New York, NY, USA: 2016.
H. Jawaheri Zadeh and A. Nanni, “Design of RC columns using glass FRP reinforcement,” Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 17, pp. 294–304, Jun. 2013, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000354.
A. S. F. Hany Tobbi and Brahim Benmokrane, “Concrete Columns Reinforced Longitudinally and Transversally with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” ACI Struct J, vol. 109, no. 4, 2012.
A. H. Nilson, D. Darwin, and C. W. Dolan, Design of Concrete Structures. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.iq/books?id=13rPngEACAAJ
Published
Versions
- 2024-09-08 (2)
- 2024-09-01 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammed S. Irhayyim, Wisam A. Aules , Muyasser M. Jomaa’h
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
